Stainless Steel Manufacturing Process

The manufacture of stainless steel involves a series of processes. The first step is melting, in which the ingredients are melted together in an electric arc furnace. The second is the removal of excess carbon, which is done by treating the molten metal in an AOD (argon oxygen decarbonization) converter. The converter reduces carbon by injecting a mixture of oxygen and argon. At this stage, other alloying elements such as nickel and molybdenum can be added to the AOD converter. When a low carbon content is required, VOD (vacuum oxidation decarbonization) converters can be used. Next comes the tuning and stirring. Most stainless steels have very strict quality requirements. The tuning process even allows for fine-tuning of the chemical composition. Adjustment is when the steel is stirred slowly to remove unwanted elements and improve consistency while keeping the desired composition within temperature limits. The forming step is to cast molten steel into shape. These forms may be patter...